Petaluma Non-Profit Attorneys & Lawyers

Key Takeaways:

• The DMCA protects digital creators by outlining processes like takedown notices to address unauthorized content use.
• Safe harbor provisions shield service providers from liability if they meet specific criteria, such as promptly addressing copyright complaints.
• Rights holders must provide detailed information when filing DMCA takedown notices to ensure compliance.
• Platforms utilize technical protection measures, like content-matching technology, to enforce copyright rules.

...

Key Takeaways

• A cumulative dividend is a mandatory dividend on preferred shares that carries over if not paid in a given year.
• These dividends protect investors by guaranteeing eventual payout before common shareholders receive dividends.
• Companies use cumulative preferred shares to attract investors, raise funds, and maintain balance sheet flexibility.
• While attractive for investors, cumulative dividends can strain companies with future obligations if profitability declines.
• They are usually specified in the company’s prospectus or term sheet, including rate, payout conditions, and any limits.

What Are Cumulative Dividends?

If a dividend is sharin

...

Key Takeaways

• A certificate of incumbency verifies the identities and authority of a company’s directors and officers, ensuring they can legally act on behalf of the business.
• It is often requested by banks, attorneys, and foreign entities when confirming corporate authority for contracts, loans, or opening accounts abroad.
• Alternate names include officer’s certificate, secretary’s certificate, and register of directors, though the purpose remains consistent across jurisdictions.
• Common elements include officer names, titles, signatures, terms of office, the secretary’s attestation, and the company seal.
• Certificates are especially important for cross-border transactio

...

Key Takeaways

• Startup valuation estimates a company’s worth, often before profitability, using both qualitative and quantitative factors.
• Unlike mature businesses, startups rely on market potential, innovation, and investor sentiment for valuation.
• Convertible instruments such as SAFEs and convertible notes often include valuation caps, protecting early investors from excessive dilution.
• Internal and external factors—like team strength, market size, growth trajectory, and competitive landscape—affect valuation outcomes.
• Common valuation methods include Venture Capital, Berkus, Scorecard, Risk Factor Summation, and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) models.

...