Bethlehem Non-Profit Attorneys & Lawyers

Key Takeaways

• A cumulative dividend is a mandatory dividend on preferred shares that carries over if not paid in a given year.
• These dividends protect investors by guaranteeing eventual payout before common shareholders receive dividends.
• Companies use cumulative preferred shares to attract investors, raise funds, and maintain balance sheet flexibility.
• While attractive for investors, cumulative dividends can strain companies with future obligations if profitability declines.
• They are usually specified in the company’s prospectus or term sheet, including rate, payout conditions, and any limits.

What Are Cumulative Dividends?

If a dividend is sharin

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What is a Portfolio Company?

A portfolio company is a term used to describe a company in which investors own equity in a company or buy out a company. The goal of the investor is to increase the value of the portfolio company and earn a return on their initial investment.

The investment could be in the form of private equity in established companies or venture capital in companies just starting out. One portfolio company usually forms part of a group of companies in the investor's full portfolio.

Who Invests in Portfolio Companies?

Portfolio companies are used by venture capital firms, private equity firms, and other financial investment firms. Some firms build a portfolio of companies that specialize in a specific sector, such as science or engineering. Others have a diverse mix of portfolios.

Private Equity Firms: Private equity is a type of financ

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Key Takeaways

• New business owners need a range of internal, external, and compliance-related business documents to operate legally and efficiently.
• Organizational documents like business plans, mission statements, and corporate resolutions help define and support a company’s operations.
• External communications such as business letters, memos, and proposals establish credibility and maintain professionalism.
• Employee and HR-related documentation—including handbooks, evaluations, and onboarding packets—are vital for internal management.
• Digital-era essentials like email policies, website disclaimers, and online agreements enhance customer transparency and compliance.

One of the most difficult parts of starting a business, and one of the least intuitive, is the paperwork piece.

To help alleviate some of that mystery, we've put together a list of some of the most important business documents that will give you a quick

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Key Takeaways:

• Hold harmless agreements protect property owners from liability during inspections or viewings.
• These agreements must outline protection scope, activities covered, and timeframes.
• Residential, commercial, and investment properties require tailored agreements based on risks.
• Proper documentation, insurance alignment, and real estate professional guidance ensure effective protection.
• Modern digital tools streamline agreement processes and enhance security for both physical and virtual tours.
• UpCounsel’s real estate attorneys can draft and update agreements to meet evolving legal and market needs.

Most property sellers now require potential buyers to sign a hold harmless agreement before viewing a property. This legal requirement has become standard practice, particularly when showing high-value residential or commercial properties.

What Is a Hold H

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